RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) of the genus Parapoxvirus in the family Poxviridae causes pseudocowpox in cattle worldwide and presents a zoonotic concern. Most poxviruses produce diseases of similar clinical signs in affected animals, which are impossible to differentiate clinically or by serology. It is, therefore, vital to use molecular assays to rapidly identify the causative agents of poxvirus infections. This study aimed to detect, diagnose, and characterize the causative agent of pox-like skin lesions in a cattle herd in Zambia, initially suspected to be infected with Lumpy Skin Disease virus. METHODS: We used a High-Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis assay to detect the PCPV genome and sequenced the major envelope protein (B2L gene) for comparative sequence and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: Our field investigations showed cattle presenting atypical skin lesions and high morbidity within the herd. The laboratory diagnosis, based on the HRM assay revealed PCPV DNA in the samples. Phylogenetic and comparative sequence analyses confirmed PCPV in the samples and revealed genomic differences between samples collected in 2017 and 2018 from the same farm. CONCLUSION: Our work is the first documented report of PCPV in Zambia. It shows the strength of molecular methods to diagnose pox-like infections in cattle and discriminate between diseases causing similar clinical signs. This rapid and accurate diagnosis improves the response time for more accurate veterinary interventions.
Assuntos
Bovinos/virologia , Infecções por Poxviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Poxviridae/veterinária , Vírus da Pseudovaríola das Vacas/genética , Vírus da Pseudovaríola das Vacas/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Filogenia , Infecções por Poxviridae/virologia , Vírus da Pseudovaríola das Vacas/classificação , Pele/patologia , Pele/virologia , Zâmbia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) infects cattle worldwide with zoonotic potential but has not been isolated in Japan. Thus, the epidemiological status of PCPV infection in cattle is undetermined. RESULTS: In May 2016, a cattle in a farm in Yamaguchi Prefecture showed white vesicles and hyperemia in the mucosa under the tongue surface, but not on the teats and coronary cushions. A parapoxvirus was isolated from the oral lesion swab and was genetically characterized based on the full-length sequence of B2L gene encoding viral envelope. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolated virus was classified into PCPV. CONCLUSION: This case indicates its potential spread in Japan. This is the first report of isolation of PCPV in Japan.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Filogenia , Infecções por Poxviridae/veterinária , Vírus da Pseudovaríola das Vacas/classificação , Vírus da Pseudovaríola das Vacas/genética , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/genética , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Linhagem Celular , Células Cultivadas , Cricetinae , Feminino , Japão , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Infecções por Poxviridae/patologia , Infecções por Poxviridae/virologia , Vírus da Pseudovaríola das Vacas/isolamento & purificação , Homologia de SequênciaRESUMO
We have determined the nucleotide sequence of DNA extracted from pustules, saliva, and blood of camels presenting with contagious ecthyma, in Bahrain and also from a sample (SACamel) of infected tissue from a camel that had presented with contagious ecthyma in 1998 in Saudi Arabia (1). Sequence homologies and phylogenetic analysis showed that this extracted DNA was more closely related to Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) than Orf virus (ORFV), which infects sheep, goats, and other animal species. The phylogeny also demonstrated that PCPV in Arabian camels was phylogenetically distinct from, and circulates independently of, ruminant-associated PCPV from Europe.
Assuntos
Camelus/virologia , Ectima Contagioso/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Infecções por Poxviridae/veterinária , Vírus da Pseudovaríola das Vacas/classificação , Animais , Barein/epidemiologia , Sequência de Bases , DNA Viral/química , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Ectima Contagioso/virologia , Feminino , Masculino , Infecções por Poxviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Poxviridae/virologia , Vírus da Pseudovaríola das Vacas/isolamento & purificação , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Cases of papular stomatitis in Finnish reindeer have been reported for many years. The causative agent was thought to be Orf virus (ORFV), one of the Parapoxviridae, although this assumption was based mainly on clinical symptoms, pathology and electron microscopy. Here sequence analyses of the viral DNA isolated from a recent outbreak of disease in 1999-2000 are presented in comparison to that isolated from earlier outbreaks in 1992-1994. The results show that the virus isolated from the 1999-2000 outbreak is most closely related to Pseudocowpox virus, whereas those from previous years grouped with ORFV. The present study describes a method for genetic characterization and classification of parapoxviruses (PPVs) and provides for the first time an extended phylogenetic analysis of PPVs isolated from Finland, established members of the genus Parapoxvirus and selected members of the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae.
